Drugov Alexey

Indonesia: Fate of the National Ideology

ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНАЯ АЗИЯ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ, 2016, №32, 50-70

 
Annotation: The five principles of Indonesian national Panca Sila ideology – belief in the One and Only God, just and civilized humanity, unity of Indonesia, democratic life led be wisdom of thought in deliberation amongst representatives of the people and social justice for all the people of Indonesia – were first formulated and included in the preamble of the Indonesian Constitution in 1945. Under Sukarno, the first President of Indonesia, Panсa Sila beсame the tool to achieve the national unity and social homogeneity, with relative pluralism of ideas. Under the authoritarian “New Order” regime in 1966-1998 it was made the only permitted ideology interpreted by the ruling Army. In the era of democratic reforms after 1998 Panca Sila retains its role as the national ideology and sometimes is used by conservative forces, especially the military, as the argument to question democratic amendments to the Constitution.

Keywords: PANCA SILA, IDEOLOGY, ARMY, MOSLEM, ELITE, LIBERALISM, GLOBALIZATION